中隔墩长度对斜式轴伸泵装置出水流道水力特性的影响

为研究大型低扬程泵站斜式出水流道水力特性,采用数值模拟方法对某斜20°轴伸泵装置三维湍流流场进行了数值计算,发现斜式出水流道内存在严重的偏流问题,基于4种计算方案的数值模拟结果分析了偏流的成因,在研究了中隔墩长度对斜式出水流道流态和水头损失影响的基础上提出了解决偏流的措施,并得到模型试验的验证。研究结果表明:顺水流方向看,中隔墩长度为14 m时的斜式出水流道内的主流明显偏于左侧,在流道右侧下部存在较大范围的旋涡区;导叶体出口具有较大周向速度分量的水流呈螺旋状进入"S"形弯曲的斜式出水流道,两者相互作用导致斜式出水流道产生偏流;随着中隔墩长度的增加,斜式出水流道左右孔的偏流系数逐渐减小、流道水头损失呈先减小再增大趋势,当中隔墩加长至23.35m时出水流道左右两侧的出流流量达到基本相等;采用长中隔墩斜式出水流道的泵装置模型试验最优工况点效率达到80.56%,泵装置模型试验结果与数值模拟结果一致,取得了预期的纠偏效果,得到有关工程设计院的认可,并应用于工程实际。     

纺纱方式对长绒棉高支纱性能的影响

为明确不同长绒棉纤维适纺性能及不同纺纱方式下的成纱质量，以新疆5个长绒棉品种（系）（新海35号、新海53号、新海57号、丰海8号、丰海7号）的纤维为原料，采用普通环锭纺和紧密纺2种纺纱方式，纺100S纯长绒棉纱，并对成纱性能进行测试。结果：与环锭纺相比，紧密纺大大提高了成纱的强伸性能，降低了3 mm毛羽指数，改善了条干不匀变异系数，其中最为明显的是对3 mm毛羽指数的改善，其次是对强伸性能的改善。可见，紧密纺可较环锭纺提高长绒棉成纱品质，较优的原棉品质对纺纱等后道工序具有很重要的意义。另外，品质指标较优的丰海7号纤维的成纱强伸性能、3 mm毛羽指数、条干不匀变异系数等指标表现较优异。     

优质棉中棉所127与高衣分材料杂交分离群体纤维产量和品质表型评价及典型相关分析

以纤维品质优异的陆地棉品种中棉所127为父本，以高衣分品系GH07-44为母本，构建了F₂和F_2:3分离群体，并对F₂和F_2:3群体的产量和纤维品质性状进行表型评价及典型相关分析。结果发现，分离群体各性状存在丰富的遗传变异和超亲分离，变异系数为1.15%～15.19%；F₂群体中铃重的变异系数最大，2个世代中纤维成熟度指数的变异系数均最小。超高亲比例为1.71%～66.86%，其中F_2:3群体马克隆值的超高亲比例最高，2个世代中最小的超高亲比例性状均为上半部平均长度。简单相关分析表明：衣分与马克_{隆值、成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数呈极显著负相关；铃重与马克隆值呈极显著正相关，与F}2群体的成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与F_2:3群体的成熟度指数呈显著正相关。典型相关分析表明，产量性状组与纤维品质性状组间存在相关关系，主要表现在衣分与上半部平均长度呈负相关、与马克隆值呈正相关，随着世代的增加，产量和品质性状的相关性降低，因此实现产量和纤维品质同步改良虽有一定难度但有可能实现。本研究筛选出2个世代衣分均超过43%且纤维品质较好的材料9个（马克隆值均值＜4.5、上半部平均长度均值＞30 mm），为棉花产量和纤维品质的同步改良提供了基础材料。     

新形势下纵深推进长汀水土流失治理的实践与探索

近年来,长汀县水土流失治理取得了关键性胜利,规模化成片治理基本结束。随着治理工作向纵深推进,显现出治理主体单一、流失斑块分散、治理资金不足、成效亮点不足以及治理成果巩固难等突出问题。为补齐治理短板,2019年以来,长汀县以项目化推进水土流失精准治理深层治理为抓手,强化工作举措,推动全县水土流失治理取得了决定性胜利,持续推进治理经验被中组部、国家发改委等部门推广应用。本文介绍了近年来长汀县水土流失精准治理深层治理工作的主要做法和成效,并提出了今后工作思路,供参考借鉴。     

花生耐盐碱响应机制及缓解措施的研究进展

花生是中国重要的油料作物,其单产和总产居世界首位。新疆盐碱地耕地面积占全疆总耕地的30.12%,盐碱地严重制约了新疆农作物发展水平。本文概括了盐碱胁迫对花生种子萌发的影响、盐碱胁迫对花生生长及生理特性的影响、花生对盐碱胁迫的响应机制,提出了缓解盐碱胁迫的相应措施,总结了花生耐盐碱响应机制及缓解措施的研究进展,最后指出了未来新疆盐碱地区花生的发展方向,并提出了应注重土壤改良剂研发及应用的建议,同时也为该地区选育和筛选耐盐碱花生种质以及品种提供了参考。     

河北省杂粮生产现状及生产布局展望

河北省是杂粮生产大省,且种类繁多。为稳定河北省杂粮生产发展,进一步调整河北省种植业结构提供参考依据,本文总结了河北省杂粮的历史生产现状,包括面积、单产、总产以及河北省各地市杂粮的分布,试图探索杂粮的生产布局与趋势,同时针对河北省杂粮历史单产水平变化趋势,分析了造成单产变化的成因,并简单提出建议。最后提出河北省杂粮生产布局的展望,将河北省杂粮生产区域布局划分为优势主产区、战略提升区、稳步发展区三个功能区。     

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.     

基于农用STM32的电动机转速监测系统设计

农业作业环境复杂,实时监控农用电动机转速对判断电动机运行状况具有重要意义。笔者设计了一种电动机转速监测系统,该系统主要由光电开关传感器、触发圆盘、OLED、STM32单片机组成,通过单片机的定时器中断和外部中断功能,可实现对电动机转速的实时监控,通过IIC通信技术,可实现转速数据的可视化。该系统抗干扰能力强、精度高、实用性强,适用于恶劣的农业作业环境,同时为其他转速监测方案提供了设计依据。     

24个古蔺牛皮茶新品系生化成分及遗传多样性分析

为挖掘四川高茶多酚、高儿茶素等特色资源,以24个古蔺牛皮茶新品系为研究对象,对其生化成分和遗传多样性进行分析.结果表明:供试品系新梢水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素总量分别为35.03％±0.20％ ～47.81％±0.07％、27.24％±0.18％ ～37.52％±0.85％、17.13％±0.89％ ～27.09％±0.61％,其中5个新品系EGCG含量大于150 mg/g;10对引物共检测到40个等位基因,群体内等位基因频率平均为0.541,多态信息含量平均值为0.5259,基因多样性指数平均值为0.5753;基于遗传距离进行聚类,24个新品系可聚为三类.综上,24个牛皮茶新品系生化内含物丰富、遗传多样性高,且具有高水浸出物、高茶多酚、高儿茶素的资源,特别是高EGCG资源,具有较大特色品种选育潜力.